noun

commutation

kom-yoo-TAY-shun/ˌkɑːmjuˈteɪʃn/

The substitution of one thing for another.

The shorter row of sentence tokens symbolizes a commutation of the penalty.

A judge replaces a long plain chain-like row of wooden sentence tokens with a much shorter row before a relieved person and lawyer, symbolic reduction of penalty.

Etymology

comLatinperhaps adds emphasis

+mutLatinto change

+ationLatinact or process

With com- perhaps intensifying “change,” commutation originally expressed exchanging one thing for another. In law, that exchange replaces a harsher penalty with a lesser one.

In context

Criminal Defense Law Uncovered1:03

A commutation, on the other hand, reduces the severity or length of a sentence.

How Do Pardon, Commutation, And Reprieve Change A Sentence? - Criminal Defense Law Uncovered

More examples

Commutation allows her to receive a lump sum instead of monthly pension payments.
The board reviews requests for commutations of lengthy prison sentences.
He seeks commutation of his death sentence to life imprisonment.

Forms

commutation · commutations

commute verb — Replace a punishment with a milder one.

Similar words

substitution: The broader, everyday term for replacing one thing with another.
exchange: Often involves giving and receiving rather than simply replacing something.