DictionarydespotAbsolute ruler
noun

despot

DESS-paht/ˈdespɑːt/

A ruler with unlimited power who often rules cruelly.

The despot orders a pleading civilian dragged away.

An authoritarian ruler on a raised ceremonial chair orders a guard to drag away a kneeling civilian who is pleading before her.
Etymology

Greek despotēs could name a household master or an absolute ruler. English developed the initially often neutral title into a term for rulers whose unchecked power makes them tyrants or oppressors.

In context

Enhanced Public Domain152:03
the despot is he who sets himself above the laws themselves thus the Tyrant cannot be a despot but the despot is always a tyrant
1700s Philosophy Audiobook • Jean-Jacques Rousseau - The Social Contract

More examples

  • A despot ruled the state without meaningful limits.
  • The novel traced the downfall of a cruel despot.
  • The ruler behaved like a despot toward his subjects.

Forms

despot · despots

despotic adjective — ruling with oppressive absolute power

Similar words

tyrant
Both suggest oppressive rule; despot particularly emphasizes unlimited authority.
autocrat
Autocrat holds concentrated power; despot often carries a stronger implication of cruel rule.