DictionaryreciprocateBack-and-forth movement
verb

reciprocate

To move repeatedly back and forth.

The piston reciprocates inside the cylinder as the engine runs.

Etymology

The Latin verb already describes alternating backward and forward movement. The mechanical sense preserves that motion directly.

More examples

  • The saw blade reciprocates rapidly to cut through wood.
  • A small motor makes the rod reciprocate.
  • The reciprocating pump pushes water through the pipe.

Forms

reciprocate · reciprocates · reciprocated · reciprocating

reciprocation noun — Repeated movement backward and forward.

Similar words

oscillate
Often describes motion around a central point, including swinging.
vibrate
Usually means moving back and forth rapidly over short distances.